Gymnocypris waddellii

Regan, 1905

Synonyms:
Gymnocypris gibberis Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964
Gymnocypris hobsonii Stewart, 1911
Gymnocypris molicorporus Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964
Gymnocypris pingi Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964
Gymnocypris pingi orisolatus Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964
Rugogymnocypris Yueh & Hwang, 1964

Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Genus: Gymnocypris

Environment: Freshwater; benthopelagic
Climate: Subtropical

Distribution: Asia: China.

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LIERATURE

Descriptions of Two New Cyprinid Fishes from Tibet. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XV, pp. 300-301. 1905.

Gymnocypris Waddellii

Pharyngeal teeth 4:3—3:4, cylindrical, obtusely pointed, slightly incurved. Depth of body about 5 in the length, length of head about 4. Breadth of head about 1¾  in its length, diameter of eye 6-8, length of snout 3⅓-3⅔ , interorbital width 3-3⅓. Snout obtuse; mouth terminal, oblique; anterior edge of upper jaw not below the level of the lower margin of eye; maxillary nearly reaching the vertical from the anterior margin of eye. 10-13 gill-rakers on the lower part of the anterior arch, 2 or 3 on the upper part. Dorsal III 8, its origin a little nearer to tip of snout than to base of caudal; third simple ray slender and articulated above, slightly thickened and finely serrated in its basal half (in the two smaller examples), or not serrated (in the two larger ones). Anal III 5, extending to the base of caudal when laid back. Origin of ventral below about the middle of dorsal. Caudal forked. Caudal peduncle about 2 ½ as long a deep. Greyish above, silvery below. Head, body, and fins (the ventrals sometimes excepted) covered with dark spots of small or moderate size.

Four specimens, 300-400 mm. in total length, from tha Yamdok Lake, a large lake without outlet at an altitude of 14,800 feet. They were obtained by Lieut.-Col.  L. A. Waddell, C. B., who preserved them in salt and has presented them to the British Museum.

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NOTES ON FISHES OF THE GENUS GYMNOCYPRIS OF SOUTHERN TIBET, CHINA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF FOUR NEW SPECIES AND A NEW SUBSPECIES

TCHANG TCHUNG-LIN, YuEH TsO-HUO HWANG HwON-CHIN

 Gymnocypris molicorporus sp. nov. (Figs. 2 — 5) 8 specimens, Nos. TS-043, 048, 051, 064, 069, 070, 371, 372, from Bedei (ОНИ) of Nagartse (ЙЦ^?-) (Yamdrok Tso ^&ШШ). Total length 265—308 mm, standard length 226— 263 mm.

D. II 8, A. ii 5, P. i 16—19, V. i 8—9. Gill-rakers 8—13/18—25. Lateral line complete, with 82 — 95 pores. Body elongate, slightly compressed; head conical; snout obtuse. Barbels none. Mouth anterior, arched; the inner side of of lower jaw with a horny layer; anterior border of the mouth below the level of the lower edge of eye. Eyes round. Pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows 3, 4/4, 3, rod-like and curved at tip. Body nearly naked, but with a few scales above the pectoral axil, some embedded scales at the abdomen and an anal sheath consisting of some enlarged scales at the base of anal to the base of the ventral. 2nd simple ray of dorsal with basal part hard, origin at midway of the bodylength. Commencement of ventral under the 6 — 7th branched ray of the dorsal. Caudal forked. Vertebral column about 48. Air-bladder composed of 2 chambers, the anterior one smaller. Color in formalin: Back and side dark grayish, with irregular dark spots, abdomen nearly white.

This fish breeds during the period between May and June. An adult female lays about 5000 eggs, measuring each 2 mm in diameter. The fish feeds mainly on diatoms. Its digestive canal is about 2.5 times the body length. The new fish closely resembles Gymnocypris dobula Günther, but differs in having a higher body, fewer gill-rakers (8 — 13/18 — 25) and rudimentary scales at its abdomen.

Gymnocypris pingi sр. nov. (Figs. 6 — 7) 14 specimens: the females, Nos. TS-158—160, 164 & 398, the males, Nos. TS-150, 156, 161, 163, 165—169, fromTingkye or Dingri (fë*É (Tsomotretung Tso |£4$ ЖШ). Total length 295— 135 mm, standard length 253— 109 mm.

D. ii 8, A. ii 5, P. i 16—18, V. i 8—9.    Gill-rakers 11—16/16—24.  Lateral line complete, with 91 — 100 pores. Pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows,  3, 4/4, 3. Body elongate, slightly compressed;  head moderate, conical; snout round. Barbels none. Mouth terminal, arched; its inner side of lower jaw with horny layer; its anterior border below the level of the lower edge of eye. Eyes small, round.  Pharyngeal teeth rod-like and hooked at tip. Width of pharyngeal bone less than 4 in its length. Body entirely naked, except 2 — 3 rows of scales above the pectoral axil and an anal sheath consisting of 17 — 24 enlarged scales at the base of anal behind the ventral. Anal opening near the commencement of the anal fin. 2nd simple ray of the dorsal slender and unossified, its origin nearer (♂) the end of snout than the base of caudal or equidistant between them (♀). The commencement of ventral opposed to the   4 — 6th branched ray of dorsal. Anal short, reaching (♀) or not reaching (♂) to the rudimentary ray of caudal. Caudal forked. Color in formalin: Back gray and abdomen pale, whole body with large or small black spots; dorsal, pectoral and caudal also with black spots.

This fish spawns between July and August. Its eggs are large and yellowish, measuring about 3 mm in diameter. It usually feeds on aquatic plants. Its digestive canal 2 — 2.5 times the body length. Air bladder is composed of 2 chambers, the posterior one longer. This new species is closely allied to Gymnocypris waddellii  Regan, but differs from the latter in having weaker rays,
and a horny layer along the inner side of lower jaw.

 Gymnocypris pingi orisolatus subsp. nov. (Figs. 8 — 9) 4 specimens, Nos. TS-053, 054, 056 (♀ ), 067 (♂), from Bedei of Nagartse (Yamdrok Tso). Total length 322— 400 mm, standard length 284— 338 mm.

D. ii 8, A. ii 5, P. i 18, V. i 8—9. Gill-rakers 12—16/19—24. Lateral line complete, with 91 — 104 pores. Pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows 3,4/4,3. Body elongate and slightly compressed; snout obtuse, its length equal the postorbital part of the  head. No barbels. Mouth terminal, arched, width 3 in head length; its anterior end below the level of the lower edge of eye. Inner side of lower jaw with horny layer. Eyes moderate, nearer the tip of snout. Pharyngeal teeth rod-like and pointed, hooked at tip. Body entirely naked, except 2 — 3 rows of scales above the pectoral axil and a  sheath consisting of 20 — 24 enlarged scales at the base of anal behind the ventral. Anal opening near the origin of anal fin. The base of 2nd simple dorsal ray slightly strong, dorsal origin nearly at midway of the body length. Commencement of ventral under the 4 — 6th branched ray of dorsal. Anal short, reaching (♀) or not reaching (♂) the rudimentary ray of caudal. Caudal forked. Color in formalin: Back grayish-black, side bluish and abdomen white; with large black spots; dorsal, pectoral and caudal also with black spots.

This fish breeds during May. An adult female lays about 5000 eggs. Its eggs are yellowish, measuring 2— 3 mm in diameter. The fish feeds mainly on insect larvae and young fish. Its digestive caudal is 1.9—2.2 times as long as its body length. Air- bladder consist of 2 chambers, the anterior one shorter. The present fish closely resembles Gymnocypris pingi, but differs from the latter in having the 2nd simple dorsal ray slightly stronger, width of mouth about 2.65 in length of head and width of the pharyngeal more than 4 times its length.

Gymnocypris hobsenii Stewart 2 specimens, Nos. TS-094, 074 (♀), from Bedei of Nagartse (Yamdrok Tso). Total length 278— 368 mm, standard length 228— 320 mm.

Gymnocypris gibberis  sp. nov. (Fig. 12) 6 specimens, Nos. TS-039, 041, 055, 061, 062, 068 (♀), from Bedei of Nagartse (Yamdrok Tso). Total length 280—408 mm, standard length 232—388 mm.

D. ii 8, A. ii 5, P. i 18—19, V. i 8—9. Gill-rakers 10—14/19—23. Pharyngeal teeth in 2 rows, 3, 4/4, 3.  Body elongate and compressed; back gibbous behind nape. Barbels none. Snout pointed, longer than interorbital. Mouth terminal and oblique, its anterior end above the level of the lower edge of eye. Pharyngeal teeth rod-like, hooked at tip. Body entirely naked, except a few scales above the pectoral axil and an anal sheath consisting of about 22 enlarged scales at the base of anal behind the ventral. Anal opening near the origin of anal fin. 2nd simple dorsal ray slender, basal part somewhat hard. The origin of the ventral under the 4 — 6th branched ray of dorsal. Anal short, reaching (♀) or not reaching (♂) the rudimentary ray caudal. Caudal forked. Color in formalin: Upper body grayish black, lower pale, whole body with black round spots.

The present species is a carnivorous fish in Yamdrok Tso, it feeds on young fish and other aquatic animals. It spawns in the later half of May. Its digestive canal is 2.2 times as long as its body length. Air-bladder in 2 chambers, the posterior one twice the length of the anterior. This new fish closely resembles Gymnocypris maculatus Herz. (Herzenstein, 1888, p. 253—257, pl. XII, fig. 1, specimen No. 7333, collected from Chuanche ÜtfñJ), but differs from the latter in having: (1) 2nd dorsal ray slender and weak, not coarse and hard; (2) anterior end of mouth above the level of the lower edge of eye, not at the level of the lower edge of eye; (3) commencement of ventral opposed to 4 — 5th branched ray of dorsal, not opposed to 2nd dorsal branched ray.

 Gymnocypris waddellii Regan 8 specimens: the females, Nos. TS-035, 050, 059, 075, 076, 079, the males, Nos. TS-057, 077, from Bedei of Nagartse (Yamdrok Tso). Total length 251—340 mm, standard length 206.5 — 286 mm.

Links:

http://www.archive.org/stream/recordsofindianm06indi#page/72/mode/2up

http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/63423#page/344/mode/1up

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-FLKX201102019.htm

http://www.actazool.org/old_pdf/1977%E5%B9%B4/197702.pdf

http://www.chinabiodiversity.com/csis_search/content.php?csp_code=052994398

http://in.daqi.com/article/2871938.html

http://news.xinhuanet.com/focus/2008-09/04/content_9733637.htm